World

Japan relaxes royal succession rules - but ban on female emperors remain

BBC World · 2026-07-17

AI SUMMARY

• What happened: The Japanese parliament approved a bill to relax imperial succession rules, allowing for the adoption of distant male relatives and enabling women to retain royal status after marrying outside the family, but maintaining the ban on female emperors. • Why it matters: This is the first amendment to the Imperial House Law since 1949, addressing concerns over the shrinking imperial family and the potential end of the male line of succession, while reflecting a growing public demand for gender equality in succession rights. • What to watch next: The final legal procedures for the new legislation will be completed soon, and public discourse on the possibility of allowing female emperors is expected to intensify, especially in light of recent opinion polls showing strong support for reform.

**Japan Approves Bill to Relax Imperial Succession Rules, Yet Female Emperors Remain Prohibited**

Tokyo, Japan – In a significant legislative move, the Japanese parliament has approved a bill aimed at relaxing the rules governing imperial succession, addressing concerns over the shrinking size of the imperial family. The bill, which passed through the upper house on Friday, introduces provisions that allow for the adoption of distant male relatives and permits women to retain their royal status after marrying outside the imperial family. However, it does not alter the existing law that prohibits women from ascending the throne.

The new legislation, which follows the passage of a similar bill through the lower house last week, is expected to undergo final legal procedures before the changes take effect. This marks the first amendment to the Imperial House Law since 1949, reflecting a growing urgency to address the future of Japan's imperial lineage, which is recognized as the world's oldest continuous hereditary monarchy, with a history spanning over 2,600 years.

Currently, the line of succession is led by Fumihito, the younger brother of the current emperor, who is 60 years old. His son, 19-year-old Prince Hisahito, is second in line, while the emperor's 90-year-old uncle stands as the third eligible candidate. Concerns have been raised that the line of succession may come to an end if Prince Hisahito does not have a male child, as the current laws do not allow for female succession.

The newly approved bill allows for the adoption of male descendants from 11 former imperial branches that were removed from the family following World War II. This provision aims to bolster the number of potential heirs and alleviate concerns regarding the future of the imperial family.

Despite the legislative changes, the prohibition against female emperors remains a contentious issue. Public sentiment appears to favor a shift towards allowing women to ascend the throne. Recent opinion polls indicate widespread support for a female monarch, with a survey conducted by Mainichi Shimbun revealing that over 70% of respondents are in favor of having a female emperor. Another poll by Kyodo News reported that 83% of participants support the idea of allowing women to inherit the throne.

Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi and other conservative political leaders have expressed their support for maintaining male-only succession rules, emphasizing the importance of these traditions to the legitimacy of the imperial institution. This stance, however, contrasts with the growing public demand for reform in the face of changing societal norms.

As Japan navigates the complexities of its imperial succession laws, the recent bill represents a notable step towards modernization, albeit with limitations that continue to spark debate among citizens and lawmakers alike. With the future of the imperial family at stake, the conversation surrounding gender and succession is likely to remain a focal point in Japanese society.

Source: BBC World
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